dnsmasq DHCPv4 配置

# dnsmasq DHCPv4 配置

# 一、DHCPv4 协议深度讲解

## 1. DORA 流程

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant C as 客户端
    participant S as DHCP 服务器
    
    C->>S: DHCP Discover (广播)
    S->>C: DHCP Offer (广播)
    C->>S: DHCP Request (广播)
    S->>C: DHCP Ack (广播)
```

![mermaid](https://static.op123.ren/static/bc/bc7e2274eaf4711f.svg)

## 2. 地址池配置

```bash
# 基本地址池
dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200,12h

# 多地址池
dhcp-range=eth0,192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200,12h
dhcp-range=eth1,192.168.2.100,192.168.2.200,2h

# 指定网关和掩码
dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200,255.255.255.0,12h
```

## 3. 静态地址分配

```bash
# 通过 MAC 地址
dhcp-host=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF,192.168.1.10,server1,infinite

# 通过主机名
dhcp-host=printer,192.168.1.20

# 忽略设备
dhcp-host=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF,ignore
```

## 4. DHCP 选项

```bash
# 网关
dhcp-option=3,192.168.1.1

# DNS 服务器
dhcp-option=6,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4

# 域名后缀
dhcp-option=15,example.com
```

# 二、实战案例

## 1. 家庭网络配置

```bash
interface=eth0
dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200,12h
dhcp-option=3,192.168.1.1
dhcp-option=6,192.168.1.1
dhcp-host=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF,192.168.1.10,myserver,infinite
```

## 2. 多网段企业网络

```bash
# VLAN 接口
interface=eth0.10
dhcp-range=eth0.10,192.168.10.100,192.168.10.200,12h
dhcp-option=eth0.10,3,192.168.10.1

interface=eth0.20
dhcp-range=eth0.20,192.168.20.100,192.168.20.200,12h
dhcp-option=eth0.20,3,192.168.20.1
```

***

**标签**：dnsmasq、DHCP、网络技术

最后修改：2026 年 01 月 30 日